Optical Fiber Communication

• It is an unguided communication. In which the optical signals used are transmitted through the principle of Total Internal Reflection(TIR).
• The transmission of carrier wave i.e light is through the optical fiber which is made up of silica (or)plastic hence behaves like a dielectric wave guide.

Why OFC is preferred? 

• Potential Bandwidth:-
• The frequency range of carrier waves is 10^13 to 10^16 Hz hence the Bandwidth is very high. So that the information carrying capacity is also huge. So, the fiber supports high data rate.
• Less Interference:-
• As the channel i.e optical  fiber is dielectric in nature hence does not conduct o emitt the radiation. So there is less interference &cross talk.
• Low Loss &Cost:-
• Due to dielectric nature of the fiber is no emission of signal over all loss is less.

Note:-An optical fiber can  be design with a also of 0.5dB/Km which is very low as compared to copper cables which has loss of around 20dB/Km Hence, less amplification is required so, less no. of Amplifier or Repeaters are required. Hence, the cost is reduced.

• Huge Transmission Range:-
• Due to less loss in fiber and use of refeaters for improving the S/N ratio transmission range of the fiber is improved.
• Security:-
• Fiber is dielectric and IR rays are not visible to eye hence the into can not be detected easily so more security.
• Spectrum Of OFC:-

• The OFC is defined in the form of window means the range of wavelength at which the optical fiber is offering low attenuation.